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Hawaiian Language Thrives While the Law Strives to Catch Up

Trisha Kehaulani Watson-Sproat

February is Hawaiian language month in the state of Hawai‘i. Nearly 40 years ago, the Hawaiian language was recognized as one of two official languages in the state. While the Hawaiian language speaking community has grown, recent events in a Maui courtroom have led to questions about what it really means to have Hawaiian as an official language. HPR’s Ku?uwehi Hiraishi has this story.

5-year-old Puakala Oliver leads her posse of preschoolers in preparing for a make-believe baby l??au. 

Credit Ku'uwehi Hiraishi
Puakala Oliver (center in green) with her preschool playmates outside the Punana Leo O Manoa, one of 12 Hawaiian language immersion preschools in the state.

It’s playtime for the preschoolers at the P?nana Leo O M?noa, a Hawaiian language immersion school where the number one rule is no speaking English. 

Like any other preschool, lessons are conducted in the Hawaiian language or ‘?lelo Hawai’i, games are played in ??lelo Hawai?i, and yes, scolding is done in ??lelo Hawai?i.

Kah?k??alohiokeao Lindsey-Asing runs the preschool, one of 12 in the state.

“Really you can see the change for the keiki that come in that don’t speak any ‘?lelo Hawai’i at all,” says Lindsey-Asing, “and within a year they’re talking.”

Credit Ku'uwehi Hiraishi

In the 1970s, the Hawaiian language was on the brink of extinction. Grassroot efforts to establish Hawaiian language immersion schools like the P?nana Leo helped revitalize the language.

John Waihe?e, the state’s first native Hawaiian governor, was a delegate at the 1978 Constitutional Convention that reestablished Hawaiian as an official language of the state.

Credit Kahele Dukelow
Maui Professor and Hawaiian language speaker Kaleikoa Ka'eo (center with baseball cap) stands outside the Wailuku court house where a judge ordered him to conduct proceedings in the English language. While he is fluent in both English and Hawaiian, it is through the Hawaiian language that he can best express himself. He is joined by the preschoolers of Punana Leo O Maui.

“And there was only a few thousand people who could really speak Hawai?i in 1978 and today we have tens of thousands,” says Waihe?e.

So it came as a surprise to many last week when a Maui judge reprimanded a university professor for speaking ‘?lelo Hawai’i, the official language in a court of law.

“I mean I don’t think anybody thought of that particular incident occurring,” says Waihe‘e, “But it does underscore the fact that someone was punished. But I mean even after we made an official language for speaking Hawaiian. That’s ridiculous. That’s precisely the kind of thing this was supposed to avoid.”

Maui Senator Kalani English at a hearing on a bill he proposed to require Hawaiian language interpreters in Hawai'i courts.

“The way the Constitution was written it says ‘as provided by law’ that means we have to pass something,” says state Senator Kalani English, who represents Moloka?i, L?na?i, Kaho?olawe, and most of Maui Island.

Credit Hawaii State Legislature
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Hawaii State Legislature
Advocates for the Hawaiian language turned out in droves to testify in support of Sen. English's bill to mandate Hawaiian language interpreters in court. Most testified in Hawaiian language with an interpreter provided for those in the Legislature and audience who may not have understood the language.

Sen. English, himself a native speaker, recently pushed through legislation that would require the court provide Hawaiian language interpreters should the need arise. Saying the Maui incident really got everyone’s attention.

“This was like a catalyst that said, ?Ok, it’s time to take the final steps and make this work,?” says Sen. English.

Sen. English has been pushing legislation on ??lelo Hawai?i since he joined the legislature nearly two decades ago. The difference he says is, now there’s a strong community of Hawaiian language speakers.

Credit Kahokualohiokeao Lindsey-Asing
Following the Maui courtroom incident, preschool teacher Kahokuoalohiokeao Lindsey-Asing took his students to a rally in support of the Hawaiian language.

“I think we’re beyond that is the language going to survive? Yes, it absolutely is,” says Sen. English, “And it’s going to grow and it’s going to get stronger. So we need to use it now.”

Back at the P?nana Leo O M?noa, Lindsey-Asing says he’s explained the Maui incident to his children.

“We’re helping our keiki to grow ma ka ‘?lelo Hawai’i (in the Hawaiian language) and telling them that they can go anywhere and speak Hawaiian language,” says Lindsey-Asing, “And then they see these kinds of things and then we have to explain to them, ?Ok, this is an example of what we’re still trying to fix and what we’re still striving to make better so that we don’t have to deal with any of that in the future.?”

Kuʻuwehi Hiraishi is a general assignment reporter at Hawaiʻi Public Radio. Her commitment to her Native Hawaiian community and her fluency in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi has led her to build a de facto ʻōiwi beat at the news station. Send your story ideas to her at khiraishi@hawaiipublicradio.org.
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